Medicamentos para asma bronquial
Estos son los medicamentos que KitCal reúne para asma bronquial. La elección depende de la edad, la gravedad, el germen o la causa, y de las guías locales.
- Adrenalina o Epinefrina
- Aminofilina
- Beclometasona
- Bromuro de ipratropio
- Budesonida
- Clenbuterol
- Cromoglicato
- Dexametasona
- Fenoterol
- Hidrocortisona
- Metilprednisolona
- Montelukast
- Prednisona
- Salbutamol
- Salmeterol
- Sulfato de Magnesio
- Teofilina
- Tulobuterol
Código CIE-10 de referencia: J45.9.
Dosis de cada medicamento
Dosis por kilo de peso tal como figuran en KitCal. En la app se ingresa el peso y se obtiene la dosis en mg y el volumen a administrar.
Adrenalina o Epinefrina
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ampolla 1/10000 Endovenosa; Intracardiaca 1mg/1cc | Paro cardíaco; shock: RN0.5 - 1 ml x dosis | — | — |
| Paro cardíaco; shock: Lactante-Niño0.1 - 0.2 ml/kg x dosis | — | — | |
| Ampolla 1/1000 Subcutánea 1mg/1cc | Urticaria/Broncodilatador0.01ml/kg x dosis | cada 20 minutos 3 dosis | 0.4 ml x dosis |
| Ampolla Inhalatoria 1mg/1cc | Crup0.5ml/kg x dosis | — | — |
| Bronquiolitis3ml x dosis. Si no hay mejoría en 2 horas; nebulizar con adrenalina 0.5ml + 3.5ml de solución salina c/ 2-3 horas | cada 2 - 3 horas | — |
Para preparar adrenalina al 1/10000; usar 1cc y diluir en 9cc de suero fisiológico.
Puede provocar hipertensión; arritmia; hemorragia cerebral.
Puede provocar hipertensión; arritmia; hemorragia cerebral.
3 dosis cada 20 minutos.
Dosis máxima 0.4ml/dosis.
No requiere preparación
Puede provocar hipertensión; arritmia; hemorragia cerebral.
Crup: <5 años: 3ml; >5 años: 5ml; se usa en nebulización; no endovenosa
Aminofilina
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ampolla Intravenosa 240mg/10cc | Broncodilatador4 - 6 mg/kg x dosis | cada 6 horas | — |
| Infusión continua0.7 - 1.2 mg/kg x hora | cada 1 hora | — |
Administración IV rápida puede causar arritmia; hipotensión y muerte. Aminofilina = 85% teofilina y 15% etilendiamina
Broncodilatador: diluido en 500cc Dx 5%; administrar en 20-30min
Beclometasona
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 50µg/puff · 250µg/puff | 50 µg1 puff. x dosis | Cada 12 horas | — |
| 250 µg1 puff. x dosis | Cada 12 horas | — |
Bromuro de ipratropio
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 1 puff=20µg | 1 - 2 puff x dosis | Cada 8 - 12 horas | — |
Budesonida
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 100µg · 200µg | 50 - 200 µg x dosis | cada 12 horas | — |
Inhalador x 100 - 200 µg
Clenbuterol
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jarabe Oral 5µg/5cc · 10µg/5cc | 1 µg/kg x día | cada 12 horas | — |
Cromoglicato
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 1 puff/5mg | 2 puff x dosis | Cada 6 - 8 horas | — |
Dexametasona
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jarabe Oral 0.5mg/5cc · 2mg/5cc | Asma0.3mg/kg x dosis | cada 24 horas | 8mg |
| Crup Leve0.15mg/kg x dosis | — | 8mg | |
| Tableta Oral 0.5mg · 1mg · 4mg | Asma0.3mg/kg x dosis | cada 24 horas | 8mg |
| Crup Leve0.15mg/kg x dosis | — | 8mg | |
| Ampolla Endovenosa; Intramuscular 4mg/2ml · 8mg/2ml | Asma0.3mg/kg x dosis | cada 24 horas | 8mg |
| Crup Mod. a Sev0.6mg/kg x dosis | — | 8mg | |
| Hipert. Intracraneal D.I.0.5mg/kg x dosis | Dosis Inicial | 8mg | |
| Hipert. Intracraneal D.M.0.25mg/kg x dosis | cada 6-8 horas | 8mg |
Si se usa más de 7 días; suspender gradualmente. Dosis Máxima: 8mg/kg/dosis
No usar más de 7 días; suspender gradualmente. Dosis Máxima: 8mg/kg/dosis
Dosis Meningitis Bacteriana: 0.6 - 0.8 mg/kg por dosis cada 6 - 12 horas
Fenoterol
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 100µg · 200µg | 1 - 2 puffs c/10 min x 5v o c/4 - 6 horas | — | — |
| Nebulización Inhalatoria 1000mg/20cc | Dosis x peso NBZ0.02 - 0.05 mg/kg x dosis | cada 20 Minutos | 2.5mg |
| Dosis práctica NBZ1 gota x c/5kg cada 20 minutos | Administrar 3 veces | 2.5mg |
Dosis máxima: 2.5 mg (10 gotas)
Dosis máxima: 2.5 mg (10 gotas)
Solución para nebulización al 0.5%. Frasco x 20 ml
Nebulización; dosis por peso; administrar 3 veces cada 20 minutos
Hidrocortisona
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ampolla Endovenosa 100mg/2cc · 250mg/2cc | D.I. Estado asmático10mg/kg x dosis | — | 250mg |
| M.D. Estado asmático10mg/kg x día | cada 6 horas | 1000mg | |
| Hipoglucemia neonatal persistente5mg/kg x día | cada 8 horas | — | |
| Choque endotóxico100-150mg/kg x dosis | cada 6 horas | — |
Metilprednisolona
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ampolla Endovenosa 40mg/1cc · 125mg/2cc · 500mg/8cc | Status asmático1 - 2 mg/kg x día | cada 12 horas (durante 24-48 horas) | 60 mg |
| Pulsos/Pac. críticos30 mg/kg x día | — | 1000 mg |
Pulsos en pacientes críticos: 1g dosis máxima; administrar diluido en 150cc de SS; en 2 - 3 horas
Montelukast
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tableta Oral 4mg · 5mg | Niños 2 - 5 años4 mg. x día | — | — |
| Niños 6 - 14 años5 mg. x día | — | — |
1 vez al día x 8 ó más semanas; tomar al acostarse
Prednisona
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tableta Oral 5mg · 20mg · 50mg | 1 - 2 mg/kg x día | cada 12 - 24 horas | 60 mg |
Alternativa: 60 mg/m2/día
Dosis Máxima: 60 mg/día
Salbutamol
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 100µg | Primera fase4-10 puff | Cada 20 min. 3 veces | — |
| Segunda fase4-10 puff | Cada 30 min. 4 veces | — | |
| Dosis de mantenimiento2 puff | Cada 4-6 horas | — | |
| Nebulización Inhalatoria 5mg/1cc · 2mg/1cc | Nebulización intermitente0.1 - 0.15 mg/kg x dosis | cada 20 Minutos 3 veces en la primera fase; en la segunda c/30 min 4 veces | 5mg |
| Nebulización continua0.5 mg/kg x hora | cada 30 Minutos | 15mg | |
| Ampolla Endovenoso 500µg/1cc | Dosis inicial10µg/kg x dosis | En bolo; lento en 10 min | — |
| Dosis de mantenimiento0.2µg/kg x minuto | — | 4µg/kg/min | |
| Jarabe Oral 2mg/5cc | 0.1 - 0.15 mg/kg x dosis | cada 6 - 8 horas | — |
| Tableta Oral 2mg · 4mg | 0.1 - 0.15 mg/kg x dosis | cada 6 - 8 horas | — |
NEBULIZACIÓN INTERMITENTE: 0.03 ml/kg completar con sol. salina hasta 4 ml (Ej. 0.5 ml + 3.5 ml de SS)
Amp 1ml=0.5mg=500µg
Salmeterol
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalador Inhalatoria 1 puff = 25µg | 1-2 puff | Cada 8 - 12 horas | — |
Sulfato de Magnesio
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ampolla Intramuscular; Endovenosa 200mg/1cc · 500mg/1cc | RN Hipomagnesemia50-100mg/kg x dosis | cada 6 horas | — |
| D.I. Asma Bronquial50mg/kg x dosis | Dosis inicial EV en 20 minutos | — | |
| D.M. Asma Bronquial30mg/kg x dosis | — | — |
La administración EV debe ser en infusión continua o en varias horas; 1ml = 1.63mEq; Amp 20% x 10ml; Amp 50% x 2ml
D.I. Asma bronquial: EV en 20 minutos
Contraindicación: Insuficiencia renal
Teofilina
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jarabe Oral 30mg/5cc · 26.6mg/5cc | Broncodilatador10 - 16 mg/kg x día | cada 4 - 6 horas | 900 mg |
| Tableta Oral 100mg · 300mg | Broncodilatador10 - 16 mg/kg x día | cada 8 - 12 horas | — |
| Ampolla Endovenosa 240mg/10cc | D.I. Apnea neonatal5 mg/kg x dosis | — | — |
| D.M. Apnea neonatal2 mg/kg x dosis | cada 12 horas | — |
Sobredosis provoca arritmias; convulsiones
Sobredosis provoca arritmias; convulsiones.
240mg/10cc; contiene 85% de teofilina
Tulobuterol
| Presentación | Dosis | Frecuencia | Dosis máxima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jarabe Oral 1000µg/5cc | 40 - 80 µg/kg x día | cada 12 horas | 2000 µg |
| Tableta Oral 1mg | 40 - 80 µg/kg x día | cada 12 horas | 2000 µg |
5cc=1mg=1000µg
Fuentes
Ver las 176 referencias de estos medicamentos
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Preguntas frecuentes
¿Qué medicamentos se usan para asma bronquial?
KitCal reúne 18 medicamentos para asma bronquial: Adrenalina o Epinefrina, Aminofilina, Beclometasona, Bromuro de ipratropio, Budesonida, Clenbuterol, Cromoglicato, Dexametasona, Fenoterol, Hidrocortisona, Metilprednisolona, Montelukast, Prednisona, Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Sulfato de Magnesio, Teofilina y Tulobuterol. La elección depende de la edad, la gravedad y las guías locales.
¿Cuál es la dosis de adrenalina o epinefrina para asma bronquial?
Adrenalina o Epinefrina (Ampolla 1/10000): 0.5 - 1 ml x dosis. Con el peso del paciente, KitCal calcula la dosis y el volumen exactos.
¿Cómo se calcula la dosis por peso?
Se multiplica la dosis por kilo por el peso del paciente y se divide según la frecuencia indicada, sin superar la dosis máxima. Después se convierte a volumen según la concentración de la presentación. La app de KitCal hace este cálculo automáticamente.
¿Cuál es el código CIE-10 de asma bronquial?
El código CIE-10 de referencia es J45.9.
Otras patologías
Contenido referencial para profesionales de la salud. No reemplaza el juicio clínico ni la evaluación del paciente.